NutriDex

The Supplement Research Compendium

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Breadfruit

Artocarpus altilis

Starchy tropical staple, lower-glycemic and potassium-rich

Preliminary evidence 🍎Fruits
Evidence tier
Preliminary
Research weight
Citations
10 verified / 10
Classification
Fruits
What the evidence says. Early or small human trials; promising but not yet conclusive.

Nutrition per serving 1 cup, cubes (220 g)

220gSERVING
  • Water 155.4 g71%
  • Sugars 24.2 g11%
  • Fibre 10.8 g5%
  • Other carbs 24.7 g11%
  • Protein 2.4 g1%
  • Fat 0.5 g0%
What's in one serving, by weight — average composition (USDA).
Potassium23%Vitamin C71%Fiber39%Magnesium13%Copper20%Thiamin (B1)20%
One serving as % of the adult daily requirement (FDA Daily Values). The bold outer ring = 100% of a day's needs.
227 kcal2.4 g protein11 g fiber0.5 g fat
NutrientPer serving% daily value
Potassium1078 mg23%
Vitamin C64 mg71%
Fiber11 g39%
Magnesium55 mg13%
Copper0.18 mg20%
Thiamin (B1)0.24 mg20%
Phosphorus66 mg5%
Niacin (B3)2 mg12%
Folate31 mcg8%

Composition data: USDA FoodData Central ↗

What is Breadfruit?

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a fruit used for steady, lower-glycemic energy (processing-dependent). NutriDex grades the human evidence as Preliminary. Breadfruit is a large starchy fruit eaten cooked as a staple across the Pacific, Caribbean, and tropics, nutritionally closer to potato or plantain than to a sweet fruit. USDA composition data show it is energy- and carbohydrate-dense yet low in fat, high in potassium and fiber, and a useful source of vitamin C; its protein, though modest (about 2.4 g per cooked cup), contains a balanced set of essential amino acids. Food-science work reports a high-amylose starch (reviews cite roughly 77% amylose) and substantial resistant starch, and breadfruit flour is gluten-free and nutrient-dense. Glycemic index, however, is strongly processing-dependent: flour and some preparations test low (GI ~48-62), whereas raw or fried forms can be high, so the "low-glycemic" label applies best to minimally processed, fiber-retaining preparations. Rigorous human metabolic trials of the fruit or flour are essentially absent. The only human intervention data come from small, short (about 3-week) Indonesian randomized trials of breadfruit LEAF extract (not the fruit): one (n=39) reported lower fasting blood glucose in type-2 diabetes, while a blood-pressure trial (n=36) showed reductions in both arms but no significant advantage over placebo. Most remaining health claims (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, insect-repellent) rest on in-vitro assays, animal models, and traditional use rather than clinical endpoints. Overall the evidence for the food's benefits is preliminary: the nutrient profile is genuinely favorable, but disease-outcome data in humans are sparse and largely confined to leaf-extract studies. It is best regarded as a wholesome, lower-glycemic starch swap rather than a proven therapeutic.

Purported Benefits

Steady, lower-glycemic energy (processing-dependent)
High potassium for blood pressure support
Gut-supporting fiber and resistant starch
Balanced plant protein with essential amino acids
Antioxidant phytochemicals
Food-security staple crop

Dosing & Compounds

Typical Dose
1 cup cooked cubes (~220 g) as a starch staple in place of rice, potato, or wheat.
Active Compounds
Resistant and high-amylose starchDietary fiber (pectins, cellulose)PotassiumVitamin C (ascorbic acid)Phenolic acids (chlorogenic, cinnamic)Carotenoids (beta-carotene, lutein)Flavonoids (geranyl flavones/chalcones, mainly in leaf)Essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine)Medium-chain fatty acids in male inflorescence (capric, lauric, undecanoic)

Safety & Cautions

Generally safe as a food. The raw fruit is astringent and is eaten cooked. Its high potassium (~1 g per cooked cup) warrants caution for people with advanced kidney disease or on potassium-sparing/RAAS drugs. Leaf extracts used in studies are not the same as eating the fruit and may lower blood pressure or blood glucose, which is relevant if combined with antihypertensive or antidiabetic medication; safety in pregnancy/lactation is unstudied. Latex sap and pollen can trigger allergy in sensitive individuals (Moraceae family, related to jackfruit/fig). Educational only — always check with your doctor or pharmacist before combining Breadfruit with any medicine.

Key Studies ★ 10 studies

RCT (leaf extract) Ulandari 2023 (Biomed Pharmacol J) ✓ Source
RCT (n=39) in type 2 diabetes: 500 mg/day breadfruit LEAF extract for 21 days lowered fasting blood glucose by 88.5 mg/dL vs 33.9 mg/dL in controls (between-group p=0.024).
RCT (leaf extract) Jariah 2024 (Biomed Pharmacol J) ✓ Source
Double-blind RCT (n=36 obese adults): breadfruit LEAF extract for 21 days reduced systolic BP by 3.4 mmHg and diastolic by 3.5 mmHg, but with NO significant difference vs placebo (systolic p=0.105, diastolic p=0.271).
Composition database USDA FoodData Central (SR Legacy 173024) ✓ Source
Reference composition for raw breadfruit per 100 g: 103 kcal, 27.1 g carbohydrate, 4.9 g fiber, ~1.1 g protein, 0.23 g fat, 490 mg potassium, 29 mg vitamin C.
Narrative review Mehta, Quek & Henry 2023 (Front Nutr) ✓ Full text
Comprehensive review: breadfruit is high in complex carbohydrate, fiber, potassium and essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine), with starch around 77% amylose and over 70 phytochemicals (flavones/flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids); compositional and food-application data dominate, with human intervention studies lacking.
Review Jagtap & Bapat 2010 (J Ethnopharmacol) ✓ PubMed
Review of the genus Artocarpus (including A. altilis) documenting traditional use for inflammation, diabetes and malarial fever and a rich prenylated-flavonoid phytochemistry, with bioactivity established mainly in vitro and in animals rather than human trials.
Lab / food-science study Liu 2020 (PLoS One) ✓ PubMed
Breadfruit flour is gluten-free, low-glycemic, nutrient-dense with a complete amino-acid profile; in enzyme digestion models breadfruit protein digested more easily than wheat protein, with no adverse outcomes in cell or mouse models.
Lab / food-science study Nascimento 2020 (J Sci Food Agric) ✓ PubMed
High-resolution UPLC-MSE profiling of immature breadfruit showed cooking caused little overall change to the phytochemical profile, with most of 146 bioactive compounds retained (some phenolics increased, a few decreased) after heat treatment.
Animal study Nwokocha 2012 (Pharm Biol) ✓ PubMed
Aqueous breadfruit LEAF extract produced dose-dependent hypotension and negative chronotropy in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats via mechanisms consistent with adrenoceptor and Ca2+-channel antagonism.
Animal study Adaramoye 2014 (Adv Pharmacol Sci) ✓ PubMed
Methanol breadfruit extract in hypercholesterolemic rats improved atherogenic indices and antioxidant/redox status and raised serum and cardiac HDL-cholesterol, comparable to the drug control.
Lab / entomology study Jones 2012 (J Agric Food Chem) ✓ PubMed
Bioassay-guided isolation identified capric, undecanoic and lauric acids from breadfruit male inflorescence as Aedes aegypti biting deterrents, each significantly more effective than DEET at equimolar concentration.

Common questions about Breadfruit

What is Breadfruit used for?

Breadfruit is most often taken for Steady, lower-glycemic energy (processing-dependent), High potassium for blood pressure support, Gut-supporting fiber and resistant starch, Balanced plant protein with essential amino acids. Starchy tropical staple, lower-glycemic and potassium-rich

Does Breadfruit work — what does the evidence say?

Preliminary evidence. Early or small human trials; promising but not yet conclusive. Breadfruit is a large starchy fruit eaten cooked as a staple across the Pacific, Caribbean, and tropics, nutritionally closer to potato or plantain than to a sweet fruit. USDA composition data show it is energy- and carbohydrate-dense yet low in fat, high in potassium and fiber, and a useful source of vitamin C; its protein, though modest (about 2.4 g per cooked cup), contains a balanced set of essential amino acids. Food-science work reports a high-amylose starch (reviews cite roughly 77% amylose) and substantial resistant starch, and breadfruit flour is gluten-free and nutrient-dense. Glycemic index, however, is strongly processing-dependent: flour and some preparations test low (GI ~48-62), whereas raw or fried forms can be high, so the "low-glycemic" label applies best to minimally processed, fiber-retaining preparations. Rigorous human metabolic trials of the fruit or flour are essentially absent. The only human intervention data come from small, short (about 3-week) Indonesian randomized trials of breadfruit LEAF extract (not the fruit): one (n=39) reported lower fasting blood glucose in type-2 diabetes, while a blood-pressure trial (n=36) showed reductions in both arms but no significant advantage over placebo. Most remaining health claims (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, insect-repellent) rest on in-vitro assays, animal models, and traditional use rather than clinical endpoints. Overall the evidence for the food's benefits is preliminary: the nutrient profile is genuinely favorable, but disease-outcome data in humans are sparse and largely confined to leaf-extract studies. It is best regarded as a wholesome, lower-glycemic starch swap rather than a proven therapeutic.

What is the typical dose of Breadfruit?

1 cup cooked cubes (~220 g) as a starch staple in place of rice, potato, or wheat.

Is Breadfruit safe? Any cautions or side effects?

Generally safe as a food. The raw fruit is astringent and is eaten cooked. Its high potassium (~1 g per cooked cup) warrants caution for people with advanced kidney disease or on potassium-sparing/RAAS drugs. Leaf extracts used in studies are not the same as eating the fruit and may lower blood pressure or blood glucose, which is relevant if combined with antihypertensive or antidiabetic medication; safety in pregnancy/lactation is unstudied. Latex sap and pollen can trigger allergy in sensitive individuals (Moraceae family, related to jackfruit/fig).

How many studies support Breadfruit?

NutriDex cites 10 sources for Breadfruit, graded "Preliminary".

Cite this page
APA

Peh, D. (2026). Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis): Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects & Evidence. NutriDex — The Supplement Research Compendium. Retrieved 26 Jun 2026, from https://nutridex.info/s/breadfruit

BibTeX
@misc{nutridex_breadfruit,
  author       = {Peh, Daryl},
  title        = {Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis): Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects \& Evidence},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {NutriDex --- The Supplement Research Compendium},
  url          = {https://nutridex.info/s/breadfruit},
  note         = {Reviewed by Dr Daryl Peh, MBBS Singapore, MMed FM. Accessed 2026-06-26}
}

For medical claims, citing the underlying primary studies linked above is preferred. NutriDex is an educational reference, not medical advice.

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