NutriDex

The Supplement Research Compendium

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Lime

Citrus aurantiifolia

Tart citrate-rich citrus for stones and vessels

Preliminary evidence 🍎Fruits
Evidence tier
Preliminary
Research weight
Citations
11 verified / 11
Classification
Fruits
What the evidence says. Early or small human trials; promising but not yet conclusive.

Nutrition per serving 1 medium (67 g)

67gSERVING
  • Water 59.1 g89%
  • Sugars 1.1 g2%
  • Fibre 1.9 g3%
  • Other carbs 4 g6%
  • Protein 0.5 g1%
  • Fat 0.1 g0%
What's in one serving, by weight — average composition (USDA).
Vitamin C22%Fiber7%Potassium1%Calcium2%Folate1%Iron2%
One serving as % of the adult daily requirement (FDA Daily Values). The bold outer ring = 100% of a day's needs.
20 kcal0.5 g protein1.9 g fiber0.13 g fat
NutrientPer serving% daily value
Vitamin C20 mg22%
Fiber1.9 g7%
Potassium68 mg1%
Calcium22 mg2%
Folate5 mcg1%
Iron0.4 mg2%
Magnesium4 mg1%
Sugars1.1 g2%

Composition data: USDA FoodData Central ↗

What is Lime?

Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) is a fruit used for raises urinary citrate (an inhibitor of calcium stone formation) in hypocitraturic stone formers. NutriDex grades the human evidence as Preliminary. Lime is a small, intensely acidic citrus whose health interest rests more on its organic-acid and vitamin-C content than on large clinical trials of the fruit itself. The best-supported use is in nephrolithiasis: a parallel-group RCT showed freshly squeezed lime juice raised urinary citrate—an inhibitor of calcium stone formation—comparably to orange juice, though, unlike orange and melon, lime did NOT significantly raise urinary pH, potassium, or net alkali absorption (its citrate rise is attributed to high citric acid rather than alkali), and no trial proves lime alone cuts stone recurrence. Its vitamin C is a well-established enhancer of non-heme iron absorption, a robust mechanistic finding extrapolated to lime as a dietary vitamin-C source rather than tested as lime per se. Citrus flavonoids improve endothelial function in a meta-analysis of RCTs, and high citrus/fruit intake is linked to lower stroke and cardiovascular risk in large cohorts, but these data are for citrus broadly, not lime specifically. A notable real-world finding is that adding lime juice to food was protective against cholera in a West African outbreak. Overall the human evidence specific to lime is preliminary and largely indirect, with most benefits inferred from its nutrients and from citrus as a class.

Purported Benefits

Raises urinary citrate (an inhibitor of calcium stone formation) in hypocitraturic stone formers
Vitamin C strongly enhances non-heme (plant) iron absorption
Citrus flavonoids improve endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation) in RCT meta-analysis
Antimicrobial: lime juice inhibited Vibrio cholerae growth and was protective in a cholera outbreak
Provides vitamin C and antioxidant phytochemicals as part of overall fruit-intake benefits
May contribute to lower cardiovascular and stroke risk as part of high fruit/citrus intake

Dosing & Compounds

Typical Dose
1 medium lime (~67 g) or 30–60 mL juice; 1–2 limes daily as a culinary acidulant
Active Compounds
Organic acids (citric acid, malic acid)Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid)Flavanones (hesperidin, eriocitrin, naringin)Furanocoumarins (limettin, bergapten, isopimpinellin, psoralen, xanthotoxin)Limonoids (limonin, nomilin)Monoterpenes / essential oils (limonene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene)Potassium and citrate (alkali precursor)Pectin (soluble dietary fiber)

Safety & Cautions

Highly acidic juice can erode tooth enamel and aggravate reflux or mouth ulcers. Skin or lips contaminated with lime juice (peel oils) plus sun exposure cause phytophotodermatitis—a painful blistering burn from furanocoumarins (the classic "margarita burn"). Furanocoumarins can also inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, potentially raising levels of drugs affected by the grapefruit-juice interaction, though lime's effect is generally smaller. Otherwise very safe in culinary amounts. Educational only — always check with your doctor or pharmacist before combining Lime with any medicine.

Key Studies ★ 11 studies

Systematic review & dose-response meta-analysis of RCTs Jalili 2024 ✓ Full text
Dose-response meta-analysis of 8 RCTs (596 participants): citrus flavonoid supplementation increased flow-mediated dilation by 2.75% (95% CI 1.29–4.20) vs placebo.
Systematic review of RCTs Skolmowska 2022 ✓ Full text
Systematic review of 14 RCTs: dietary interventions combining increased iron with vitamin C were consistently effective at treating iron-deficiency anemia in women.
Systematic review / practice guideline Prezioso 2015 ✓ Full text
CLU Working Group dietary review/guideline: increased fruit/vegetable intake raises urinary citrate; citrus (lemon, orange, grapefruit, lime) and non-citrus melon are natural dietary citrate sources with potential to protect against stone formation.
Systematic review & dose-response meta-analysis Aune 2017 ✓ Full text
Meta-analysis of 95 population studies: each 200 g/day of fruit/vegetables lowered cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk; citrus fruits specifically inversely associated with all-cause mortality.
Randomized parallel-group trial Baia 2012 ✓ Full text
Parallel-group RCT (30 hypocitraturic stone formers, 10 per juice): 385 mL freshly squeezed lime juice significantly raised urinary citrate, comparable to orange juice; unlike orange and melon, lime did NOT significantly raise urinary potassium, pH, or net GI alkali absorption, attributed to its high citric acid rather than alkali content.
Review / mechanistic study Lynch 1980 ✓ Full text
Classic study: ascorbic acid is a powerful enhancer of non-heme iron absorption, with enhancement directly proportional to the quantity of vitamin C present in the meal.
Prospective cohort study Johnsen 2003 ✓ Full text
Danish prospective cohort (54,506 adults): high fruit intake was associated with reduced ischemic stroke risk (top vs bottom quintile RR 0.60), with the association significant specifically for citrus fruit.
Prospective interview + lab analysis Joshi 2021 ✓ Full text
Prospective interviews of 103 stone patients (50% used CAM) plus lab analysis: a key-lime product (KSP-Key Lime) measured 19.8 mEq alkali per serving, comparable to commonly prescribed citrate therapy.
Case report Hankinson 2014 ✓ Full text
Case report of lime-induced phytophotodermatitis: psoralen furanocoumarins plus UV cause blistering dermatitis often misdiagnosed as cellulitis, fungal infection, or child abuse.
Case-control + laboratory study Rodrigues 2000 ✓ Full text
Case-control study during a Guinea-Bissau cholera epidemic: adding lime juice to rice sauce was strongly protective (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.17–0.56); lab tests confirmed lime juice inhibited V. cholerae growth.
Analytical chemistry study Nigg 1993 ✓ Full text
Quantified phototoxic coumarins in limes: limettin, bergapten, isopimpinellin, xanthotoxin and psoralen, far more concentrated in peel than pulp; Persian limes potentially more phototoxic than Key limes.

Common questions about Lime

What is Lime used for?

Lime is most often taken for Raises urinary citrate (an inhibitor of calcium stone formation) in hypocitraturic stone formers, Vitamin C strongly enhances non-heme (plant) iron absorption, Citrus flavonoids improve endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation) in RCT meta-analysis, Antimicrobial: lime juice inhibited Vibrio cholerae growth and was protective in a cholera outbreak. Tart citrate-rich citrus for stones and vessels

Does Lime work — what does the evidence say?

Preliminary evidence. Early or small human trials; promising but not yet conclusive. Lime is a small, intensely acidic citrus whose health interest rests more on its organic-acid and vitamin-C content than on large clinical trials of the fruit itself. The best-supported use is in nephrolithiasis: a parallel-group RCT showed freshly squeezed lime juice raised urinary citrate—an inhibitor of calcium stone formation—comparably to orange juice, though, unlike orange and melon, lime did NOT significantly raise urinary pH, potassium, or net alkali absorption (its citrate rise is attributed to high citric acid rather than alkali), and no trial proves lime alone cuts stone recurrence. Its vitamin C is a well-established enhancer of non-heme iron absorption, a robust mechanistic finding extrapolated to lime as a dietary vitamin-C source rather than tested as lime per se. Citrus flavonoids improve endothelial function in a meta-analysis of RCTs, and high citrus/fruit intake is linked to lower stroke and cardiovascular risk in large cohorts, but these data are for citrus broadly, not lime specifically. A notable real-world finding is that adding lime juice to food was protective against cholera in a West African outbreak. Overall the human evidence specific to lime is preliminary and largely indirect, with most benefits inferred from its nutrients and from citrus as a class.

What is the typical dose of Lime?

1 medium lime (~67 g) or 30–60 mL juice; 1–2 limes daily as a culinary acidulant

Is Lime safe? Any cautions or side effects?

Highly acidic juice can erode tooth enamel and aggravate reflux or mouth ulcers. Skin or lips contaminated with lime juice (peel oils) plus sun exposure cause phytophotodermatitis—a painful blistering burn from furanocoumarins (the classic "margarita burn"). Furanocoumarins can also inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, potentially raising levels of drugs affected by the grapefruit-juice interaction, though lime's effect is generally smaller. Otherwise very safe in culinary amounts.

How many studies support Lime?

NutriDex cites 11 sources for Lime, graded "Preliminary".

Cite this page
APA

Peh, D. (2026). Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia): Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects & Evidence. NutriDex — The Supplement Research Compendium. Retrieved 26 Jun 2026, from https://nutridex.info/s/lime

BibTeX
@misc{nutridex_lime,
  author       = {Peh, Daryl},
  title        = {Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia): Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects \& Evidence},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {NutriDex --- The Supplement Research Compendium},
  url          = {https://nutridex.info/s/lime},
  note         = {Reviewed by Dr Daryl Peh, MBBS Singapore, MMed FM. Accessed 2026-06-26}
}

For medical claims, citing the underlying primary studies linked above is preferred. NutriDex is an educational reference, not medical advice.

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