Decades of human research, including multiple double-blind, placebo-controlled challenge trials, have not confirmed the cluster of symptoms historically labelled 'Chinese restaurant syndrome' (a term now regarded as scientifically unsupported and culturally stigmatising). A small minority of people report mild, short-lived, self-limiting reactions (headache, flushing, sweating, numbness) after large doses (typically >=3 g taken as a bolus without food); these are not reproduced reliably under blinded conditions, and the placebo response rate is comparable. Because MSG contributes sodium, it counts toward total sodium intake relevant to blood pressure, and small controlled studies have shown transient blood-pressure elevation and pericranial muscle sensitisation after repeated high intake. Observational cohort data on MSG and weight gain are conflicting (one large Chinese cohort found a modest association with overweight, HR ~1.33; another found none), and causality is not established. EFSA's main flag is that aggregate exposure can exceed its precautionary ADI in high consumers, prompting a call to reconsider permitted use levels — not a finding of demonstrated harm at dietary intakes. People who genuinely react should simply avoid it; there is no evidence of toxicity, carcinogenicity, or neurotoxicity from normal dietary use. Educational only — always check with your doctor or pharmacist before combining MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) with any medicine.